Water Management Strategies against Water Scarcity in the Alps – the “Alp-Water-Scarce”
The establishment of Early Warning Systems (EWS) against water scarcity or drought is recommended in several EU regulations &directives. Within Alp-Water-Scarce, four different EWS were developed that address the specific needs of the Pilot Sites: In the Arly catchment (FR) the EWS aims at long term water reconciliation; in Carinthia (AT) the EWS is dedicated to ensuring a sustainable drinking water supply; in the Piave catchment (IT) it is intended help to avoid user conflicts between hydropower gen. and agriculture and in Slovenia it contributes to water saving measures for agriculture.
Optimizing Irrigation – an Early Warning System (EWS) for Agriculture in Slovenia in north-eastern Slovenia, plant irrigation is a necessary procedure in agriculture, as it ensures greater yield and higher quality in times of drought. The amount of additional water required depends on the plants cultivated but also on climate and soil conditions. In order to optimize the amount of water EWSs used for irrigation, a short-term early warning system for agriculture was developed for the Pilot Sites of Dravsko and Ptujsko polje. EWS was based on the forecast of the quantity of water and the timing of its application to various crops using the IRRFIB (Irrigation Forecast Model in Slovenia; Sušnik A 2005) system (Figure 1), which takes precipitation data and evapotranspiration data for different crops as input indicators. Supplementary data relating to soil capacity and soil moisture in the zone with plant-available water is also included. For this purpose, daily data on plant-available water is recorded. During the vegetation period, the phenological phases of selected vegetable plants are also considered. The output of the model is the actual quantity of water in the soil versus the needs of different plants. The weather forecast is also taken into account, which generates precise data and recommendations regarding irrigation needs for the following four days. This information is available online.
Optimiranje namakanja - Sistem zgodnjega opozarjanja (EWS) za kmetijstvo v severovzhodni Sloveniji, predstavlja nujen postopek, saj z namakanjem rastlin zagotavlja večji pridelek in višjo kakovost v sušnem času. Količina potrebne vode je odvisna od vrste rastlin, pa tudi od podnebnih in talnih razmer. Za optimizacijo količine vode, je bil na pilotni lokaciji Dravsko in Ptujsko polje razvit kratkoročni sistem zgodnjega opozarjanja v kmetijstvu. Sistem je temeljil na napovedi količine vode in časa za različne rastline po sistemu IRRFIB (Model namakanja z napovedmi v Sloveniji; Sušnik A 2005) (slika 1), ki zbira podatke o padavinah in podatke o evapotranspiraciji za različne kmetijske kulture kot vhodne kazalce. V model so vključeni tudi podatki o kapaciteti in vlažnosti tal v območju z vodo, ki je na voljo rastlinam. V ta namen se beležijo dnevni podatki o dostopnosti vode rastlinam. V vegetacijskem obdobju se upoštevajo tudi fenološke faze izbranih kmetijskih rastlin. Rezultat modela IRRFIB je dejanska količina vode v tleh glede na potrebe različnih rastlin. Upoštevana je tudi vremenska napoved, ki v naslednjih štirih dneh poda natančne podatke in priporočila glede potrebe namakanja.
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